An overview on the short, only 200 years, past history and future expectations in the field of vaccines is presented. The focus is on development trends and potential rather than individual vaccines. While the first vaccines were a result of keen observation, the further development has been tightly dependent on the development of microbiology to provide both the knowledge basis and the technology for new vaccines for new purposes. The post-genomic era just starting therefore promises an exponential increase of vaccine research and new vaccines, both improved vaccines with a greater efficacy and less adverse effects to replace old ones and vaccines for prevention of diseases for which no vaccines exist. Furthermore, fully new applications to prevention or treatment of chronic diseases not traditionally associated with infections are expected.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00530.x | DOI Listing |
JAMA
March 2025
Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
March 2025
Associate Managing Editor, Medical News & Perspectives, JAMA.
J Glob Health
March 2025
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety and Emergency Prevention and Control Technology of Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, particularly among older adults. However, the disease and economic burden of ARI among older adults in China remained sparse. We aimed to estimate the incidence rate and medical cost of hospitalisation due to ARI among adults aged ≥50 years in Jiangsu Province, China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Glob Health
March 2025
Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Background: In developing settings, comparative data on COVID hospitalised survivors (HS) and non-hospitalised survivors (NHS) is scarce. We determined burdens, incidence, evolution, and associated factors of long COVID-19 over two years among these groups.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and recruited confirmed COVID-19 survivors from December 2020 to May 2021 (previously reported).
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