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GABA Receptor Modulation of Membrane Excitability in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons by Baclofen and α-Conotoxin Vc1.1.
J Neurochem
January 2025
Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
GABA receptor (GABAR) activation is known to alleviate pain by reducing neuronal excitability, primarily through inhibition of high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium (Ca2.2) channels and potentiating G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. Although the analgesic properties of small molecules and peptides have been primarily tested on isolated murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, emerging strategies to develop, study, and characterise human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived sensory neurons present a promising alternative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin attenuates MPP-induced autophagy heat shock protein in the Parkinson's disease mouse model.
PeerJ
January 2025
Medical section, Jiang Ling County People's Hospital, Hubei, Jiangling County, Jingzhou City, China.
Background: This study investigates the protective properties of melatonin in an Parkinson's disease (PD) model, focusing on the underlying mechanisms involving heat shock proteins (HSPs).
Methods: Twelve adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (normal control, melatonin control, Parkinson's model, and melatonin treatment; = 3 per group) and housed in a single cage. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was injected intraperitoneally in the Parkinson's model and treatment groups to establish a subacute PD model, while controls received saline.
Versatility of Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism for Evaluating Foodborne Neurotoxins and Food Bioactive Compounds in Nutritional Neuroscience.
Mol Neurobiol
January 2025
Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
Epidemiological evidence has shown that the regular ingestion of vegetables and fruits is associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases. The introduction of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) principle into animal experiments has led to the use of valid, cost-effective, and efficient alternative and complementary invertebrate animal models which are simpler and lower in the phylogenetic hierarchy. Caenorhabditis elegans (C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBoNT/Action beyond neurons.
Toxicon
January 2025
National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy. Electronic address:
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has expanded its therapeutic uses beyond neuromuscular disorders to include treatments for various pain syndromes and neurological conditions. Originally recognized for blocking acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, BoNT/A's effects extend to both peripheral and central nervous systems. Its ability to undergo retrograde transport allows BoNT/A to modulate synaptic transmission and reduce pain centrally, influencing neurotransmitter systems beyond muscle control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocytic HIV-1 Nef Expression Decreases Glutamate Transporter Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens and Increases Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA.
Background/objectives: Cocaine use disorder is an intersecting issue in populations with HIV-1, further exacerbating the clinical course of the disease and contributing to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Cocaine and HIV neurotoxins play roles in neuronal damage during neuroHIV progression by disrupting glutamate homeostasis in the brain. Even with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 Nef, an early viral protein expressed in approximately 1% of infected astrocytes, remains a key neurotoxin.
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