Synthetic musks are present in fine fragrances, cosmetics, soaps and laundry detergents. One of the most important synthetic musks is 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthaline+ ++ (AHTN; annual production: about 1500 metric tons). An increasing number of studies show that AHTN accumulates in surface water and fish and can be detected in human adipose tissue, as well in human milk. In the present report it is shown that a single high dose of AHTN leads to acute hepatic damage in rats, characterized by single cell necrosis, inflammation, swelling of liver parenchymal cells, and the presence of cytoplasmic condensations in the hepatocytes, while at the ultrastructural level disorganization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as focal cytolysis is evident. Furthermore, evidence is presented that AHTN is not genotoxic, does not induce peroxisome proliferation, and does not lead to the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes as phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene do.
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