The authors present information on basic principles of the long term follow-up of patients after heart transplantation (HTx) and about the present state of HTx programme in Slovakia. "Unique normal" cardiac findings after HTx are described. The most important causes of mortality (infection, rejection, graft vascular disease, malignancy) and morbidity (hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency) are analysed and basic information for rational diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures is provided. The authors also discuss long term survival and quality of life after HTx. The paper is dedicated to the large medical community which will take care of the patients after HTx. There is no doubt that the results of clinical transplantology are highly dependent on the level of medical care in wide medical practice.

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