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Bisphenol A alters JUN promoter methylation, impairing steroid metabolism in placental cells and linking to sub-representative phenotypes.

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Alberta Respiratory Centre, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Bagchi School of Public Health, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India. Electronic address:

Despite numerous studies linking prenatal vaping to adverse perinatal outcomes, a systematic assessment for critical comparison remains absent. To investigate these associations, we conducted a systematic search of studies assessing perinatal outcomes in mothers and/or neonates exposed to vaping during pregnancy compared to those in women without prenatal vaping exposure through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, and Google Scholar until July 5, 2024. We performed inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses for maternal and neonatal outcomes of 23 studies with a total of 924,376 participants with 7552 reporting vaping-only use during pregnancy.

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