The incorporation of 14C-labelled guanosine and xanthosine into riboflavin was studied. It is concluded that the ribose mojety of guanosine is converted to the ribityl side chain of riboflavin. Thus the immediate precursor of riboflavin biosynthesis is a guanosine compound. Two classes of the riboflavin-dependent mutants of Bacillus subtilis were studied. They are closely linked to the lysine markers and probably correspond to the initial steps of riboflavin biosynthesis pathway.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Oxidative balance score (OBS) is a composite measures that assess the balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant factors in an individual's diet and lifestyle, with higher scores indicating greater antioxidant exposure. Despite its potential significance, there is a limited body of research exploring the relationship between OBS and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality specifically in younger patients with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the possible relationship between OBS and all-cause and CVD mortality in younger patients with diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
January 2025
Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University-USF, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil.
Background/objectives: This study investigates the metabolic profile of a single dose of etodolac in healthy volunteers, focusing on pharmacokinetics, clinical parameters, and metabolomic variations to identify biomarkers and pathways linked to drug response, efficacy, and safety.
Methods: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers, enrolled after rigorous health assessments, received a single dose of etodolac (Flancox 500 mg). Pharmacokinetic profiles were determined using tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and the metabolomic profiling was conducted using baseline samples (pre-dose) and samples at maximum drug concentration (post-dose) via liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
Nat Commun
January 2025
University of St Andrews, School of Biology, North Haugh, Biomolecular Sciences Building, St Andrews, UK.
Cyclic dipeptides are produced by organisms across all domains of life, with many exhibiting anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Oxidations are often key to their biological activities, particularly C-C bond oxidation catalysed by tailoring enzymes including cyclodipeptide oxidases. These flavin-dependent enzymes are underexplored due to their intricate three-dimensional arrangement involving multiple copies of two distinct small subunits, and mechanistic details underlying substrate selection and catalysis are lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China. Electronic address:
Sexual dimorphism is well-documented in aquaculture, particularly regarding growth differences, wherein one sex often grows faster than the other. However, despite the phenomenon being so widely documented, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. As an important digestive and immune organ, the gut plays key roles in the regulation of fish growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Pharmacol
January 2025
Drug Metabolism and Nonclinical Pharmacokinetics, Translational Medicine, Incyte, Wilmington, DE, USA.
As part of a narrative review of various publications describing the clinical use of urine- and plasma-based drug transporter biomarkers, it was determined that the utilization of coproporphyrin I, a hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 biomarker, has been reported for 28 different drug-drug interaction (DDI) perpetrator drugs. Similarly, biomarkers for liver organic cation transporter 1 (isobutyryl-l-carnitine, N = 7 inhibitors), renal organic cation transporter 2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (N-methylnicotinamide, N = 13 inhibitors), renal organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and 3 (pyridoxic acid, N = 7 inhibitors), and breast cancer resistance protein (riboflavin, N = 3 inhibitors) have also been described. Increased use of biomarkers has also been accompanied by modeling efforts to enable DDI predictions and development of multiplexed methods to facilitate their bioanalysis.
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