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Monkeypox in Pakistan-First case report.

J Pak Med Assoc

October 2024

Department of Infectious Diseases, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Article Synopsis
  • - Monkeypox (mpox) is a rare viral infection caused by poxvirus, characterized by symptoms like fever, headaches, muscle aches, and a distinct rash.
  • - There is no specific treatment for monkeypox, and available antiviral drugs and vaccines are limited; strict precautions are crucial to prevent its spread.
  • - A case of a 41-year-old male with symptoms after traveling to Saudi Arabia highlights the need for medical professionals to remain vigilant, as no cases had been reported in Pakistan as of April 17, 2023.
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Introduction: The 2022 mpox global outbreak underscores the need for an improved understanding of mpox epidemiology, co-morbidities, and clinical management/outcome. We report a case of a 30-year-old Nigerian antiretroviral treatment-experienced person living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) who had PCR-confirmed mpox and chickenpox co-infection.

Case Presentation: The patient presented with a generalized itchy rash of three weeks and antecedent low-grade fever.

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Background Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immune complex-mediated reaction that clinically presents as tender erythematous evanescent nodules, mostly associated with systemic symptoms. Oral prednisolone is the drug of choice, with doses ranging from 0.5 to 1 mg/kg.

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Sweet's syndrome (SS) is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterised by the acute onset of erythematous papules or plaques and a constellation of symptoms including fever, leucocytosis, and histopathology demonstrating nodular, pustular, or diffuse infiltrate of neutrophils with marked papillary oedema. SS can be a manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease and often coincides with periods of disease flares. Only a few cases of SS associated with ulcerative colitis are reported in the literature, and no cases have involved pulmonary manifestations in the paediatric population.

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