Low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased bone turnover are common features of untreated hyperthyroidism in adult patients. The effect of treatment on BMD is still controversial. BMD and bone metabolism in hyperthyroid children have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we measured spinal and whole body BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a group of 13 girls (aged 5.0-14.9 years) at diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. The bone resorption rate was assessed by urine measurement of N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX). Hyperthyroid patients have been studied longitudinally during treatment. BMD values and NTX urine concentrations have been also determined in 155 healthy Caucasian girls (aged 2.4-24.2 years). Spinal and whole body bone density measurements were significantly lower compared with healthy controls in untreated hyperthyroid girls, after correction for differences in age and anthropometric measurements (p
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