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Overview of Hepatitis B Vaccine Non-Response and Associated B Cell Amnesia: A Scoping Review.
Pathogens
July 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840232, Nigeria.
Background: The advent of the hepatitis B vaccine has achieved tremendous success in eradicating and reducing the burden of hepatitis B infection, which is the main culprit for hepatocellular carcinoma-one of the most fatal malignancies globally. Response to the vaccine is achieved in about 90-95% of healthy individuals and up to only 50% in immunocompromised patients. This review aimed to provide an overview of hepatitis B vaccine non-response, the mechanisms involved, B cell amnesia, and strategies to overcome it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypertension and immune activation in antiretroviral therapy naïve people living with human immunodeficiency virus.
BMC Infect Dis
June 2024
Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Background: The pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) is complex and remains not fully understood. Chronic immune activation (IA) is postulated to be one of the culprits. This notion is derived from studies in HIV-uninfected populations and/or animals while data on HTN and how it relates to IA in PLHIV remains scarce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMpox (Monkeypox) Virus and Its Co-Infection with HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, or Bacterial Superinfections: Double Whammy or a New Prime Culprit?
Viruses
May 2024
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Epidemiologic studies have established that mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreaks worldwide in 2022-2023, due to Clade IIb mpox virus (MPXV), disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. More than 35% and 40% of the mpox cases suffer from co-infection with HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and virological non-suppression among children living with HIV in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study.
Res Sq
January 2024
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Legon.
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and malaria are two major diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with coinfections having an impact on the outcomes of both. We assessed the association between asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and virological non-suppression among children living with HIV attending a clinic at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) and the Princess Marie Louis Hospital (PML) in the city of Accra, Ghana.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of asymptomatic malaria in children receiving care at paediatric HIV clinics at KBTH and PML conducted from September to November 2022.
Diagnosis and treatment of Hymenoptera venom allergy: S2k Guideline of the German Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) in collaboration with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Berufs- und Umweltdermatologie e.V. (ABD), the Medical Association of German Allergologists (AeDA), the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNOKC), the German Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Society for Pediatric Allergy and Environmental Medicine (GPA), German Respiratory Society (DGP), and the Austrian Society for Allergy and Immunology (ÖGAI).
Allergol Select
October 2023
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Hymenoptera venom (HV), injected by bees and wasps during stings, can cause allergic reactions in about 3% of people, leading to severe local or systemic allergic reactions in some cases.
- The guidelines suggest that while symptomatic therapy is needed after a severe local reaction, specific allergen immunotherapy isn't necessary unless severe reactions occur beyond the skin.
- Clinicians should assess patients for risk factors, measure tryptase levels if reactions are significant, and test for specific IgE antibodies to diagnose sensitization to Hymenoptera venom.
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