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The tropism of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is determined by the use of either or both of the chemokine coreceptors CCR5 (R5) or CXCR4 (X4) for entry into the target cell. The ability of HIV-1 to bind R5 or X4 is determined primarily by the third variable loop (V3) of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. HIV-1 strains of pandemic group M contain an antisense gene termed , which overlaps outside the region encoding the V3 loop.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonovalent Lectin Microvirin Utilizes Hydropathic Recognition of HIV-1 Env for Inhibition of Virus Cell Infection.
Viruses
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
Microvirin is a lectin molecule known to have monovalent interaction with glycoprotein gp120. A previously reported high-resolution structural analysis defines the mannobiose-binding cavity of Microvirin. Nonetheless, structure does not directly define the energetics of binding contributions of protein contact residues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPKR Inhibitor C16 Regulates HIV-gp120 Induced Neuronal Injury and Cognitive Impairment in Vivo and in Vitro Models.
Neurochem Res
January 2025
College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
To study the neuronal protective effect and its potential mechanism of C16 against gp120-induced cognitive impairment in vitro and in vivo. The NORT method was used to evaluate the short-term memory abilities of rats, the morphological changes in hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining. Cell viability and damage degree were detected by MTT and LDH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo Disaccharide-Bearing Polyethers, K-41B and K-41Bm, Potently Inhibit HIV-1 via Mechanisms Different from That of Their Precursor Polyether, K-41A.
Curr Issues Mol Biol
November 2024
Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
The screening of novel antiviral agents from marine microorganisms is an important strategy for new drug development. Our previous study found that polyether K-41A and its analog K-41Am, derived from a marine Streptomyces strain, exhibit anti-HIV activity by suppressing the activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and its integrase (IN). Among the K-41A derivatives, two disaccharide-bearing polyethers-K-41B and K-41Bm-were found to have potent anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA multidonor class of highly glycan-dependent HIV-1 gp120-gp41 interface-targeting broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Cell Rep
December 2024
Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Electronic address:
Antibodies that target the gp120-gp41 interface of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer comprise a commonly elicited category of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here, we isolate and characterize VRC44, a bNAb lineage with up to 52% neutralization breadth. The cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of antibody VRC44.
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