Rats trained to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH) developed an increase of the glycogen contents in the heart and liver parenchymatous cells. Fatty acids seem to be the main source for synthesis of the intracellular glycogen. The intracellular transformation of the lipid energy substrate into the carbohydrates maintains the energy homeostasis in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes during hypoxic intervals of the INH thus creating the necessary conditions. This kind of regulating the substance supply of the cell energy supports the organism stability under various effects.
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Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China.
Creatine (Cr) is recognized for its role in enhancing cognitive functions through the phosphocreatine (pCr)-creatine kinase system involved in brain energy homeostasis. It is reversibly converted into pCr by creatine kinase (CK). A brain-specific isoform of CK, known as CK-BB, is implicated in the brain's energy metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Neurodyn
December 2025
Department of Mathematics, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426 India.
A free calcium ion in the cytosol is essential for many physiological and physical functions. Also, it is known as a second messenger as the quantity of free calcium ions is an essential part of brain signaling. In this work, we have attempted to study calcium signaling in the presence of mitochondria, buffer, and endoplasmic reticulum fluxes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Sports Med
January 2025
Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Menstrual dysfunction (MD) in female athletes might be indicative of the syndrome of relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs), associated with, e.g., impaired bone health, an increased risk of injury, and decreased performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Cell Endocrinol
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Excessive adipocyte differentiation and accumulation contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) plays an essential role in energy homeostasis and is considered an anti-obesity factor; however, elevated serum levels of endogenous GDF15 have been reported in certain individuals with obesity. In this study, to gain a better understanding of this complex relationship between GDF15 levels and obesity, we investigated GDF15 expression and function during adipogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Transl Med
January 2025
Hypothalamic Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, 75390, USA.
Disruption of hypothalamic melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4Rs) causes obesity in mice and humans. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of in the hypothalamus. In mice, we show that the homeodomain transcription factor Orthopedia (OTP) is enriched in MC4R neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and directly regulates transcription.
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