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Investigation of additional suitable positive controls in the human Cell Line Activation Test.
J Toxicol Sci
January 2025
Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation.
The human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) is an in vitro skin sensitization assay adopted by the OECD as Test Guideline 442E. In the h-CLAT, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) is used as a positive control; however, DNCB is considered a poisonous substance under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act in Japan since 2014 because of its high acute toxicity. Strict control, handling, and storage are required when using DNCB, which is a burden to the users.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Attenuates Allergic Contact Dermatitis by Generating CD4Foxp3 T cells.
In Vivo
December 2024
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea;
Background/aim: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in inflammatory responses by regulating the activity of various immune cells. M2 macrophages induced by IL-10 and TGF-β exhibit anti-inflammatory functions and induce Treg differentiation. Although the beneficial effects of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) on various diseases have been widely reported, the mechanisms, through which it alleviates allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) via Tregs and macrophages, are not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction on improving skin barrier function and modulating T helper cell differentiation in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis mice.
Front Pharmacol
November 2024
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most frequently encountered skin diseases, bothering a considerable number of patients. Today, corticosteroids and antihistamines are among the numerous drugs applied for the therapy of AD. However, lengthy use of them contributes to side effects, such as physiological changes in skin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncorporating immune cell surrogates into a full-thickness tissue equivalent of human skin to characterize dendritic cell activation.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Research on dendritic cell (DC) activation has mostly relied on animal models, highlighting the need for human-based in vitro models due to differences in DC types across species.
- Scientists have created a full-thickness human skin tissue model with Langerhans cell (LC) and dermal dendritic cell (DDC) surrogates from human leukemia cell lines to study their activation.
- When exposed to nickel sulfate or DNCB, the model showed significant increases in CD1a positive cells, indicating that these treatments trigger a response leading to DC migration and activation within a short time frame.
Skin Sensitization Potential of Sensitizers in the Presence of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles In Vitro.
Nanomaterials (Basel)
November 2024
Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Article Synopsis
- Silica, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide nanoparticles are commonly found in skin products, but their potential to cause skin sensitization, especially when combined with other sensitizers, is not well understood.
- This study utilized various cellular assays to explore how these nanoparticles affect skin cells, focusing on keratinocytes and dendritic cells, both alone and in co-cultures.
- Results showed that the effects of nanoparticles vary significantly depending on the cell type and their interactions, indicating that exposure to these NPs can enhance the skin's reaction to known sensitizers.
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