The state of neurotransmitter systems was studied in the groups of Wistar rats discriminated by striving for alcohol and rejecting it after the information load (alimentary instrumental conditioning in a labyrinth). The specific activities of neurotransmitter metabolizing enzymes (MAO A and B, acetylcholinesterase, and acetylcholinetransferase) and the content of biogenic amines and their metabolites (serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, noradrenaline, and dopamine) were measured in homogenates and subfractions of sensorimotor cortex and caudate nucleus. It was found out that the biochemical indices correlated with cognitive abilities of animals. Stress-resistant rats, which were capable for acquisition of the complex skill, refused alcohol after the information load and were characterized by activation of the brain neurotransmitter systems. The rats, which were unable to fulfill the cognitive task, began to abuse alcohol and were characterized by suppression of the neurotransmitter systems. It seems possible that the brain neurotransmitter metabolism adequately reflects the characteristics of the higher nervous activity of animals and their resistance to alcohol.
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