Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The early (min = 1) and late (min 45) changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence caused by alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate, beta-L-glucose pentaacetate, and beta-D-galactose pentaacetate (1.7 mM each), alone or together with either L-leucine (10.0 mM) or D-glucose (8.3 mM), were monitored in purified pancreatic B and non-B rat islet cells. Whilst D-glucose caused a rapid increase in the NAD(P)H signal in B-cells, but not so in non-B cells, alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate, but not the two other monosaccharide esters, rapidly augmented the NAD(P)H signal in both B and non-B cells. After 45 min, the NAD(P)H signal was increased by either D-glucose in both B and non-B islet cells or alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate. At this late time, beta-L-glucose pentaacetate also increased the NAD(P)H signal in B cells exposed to L-leucine. These findings emphasize the relevance of differences in the time course of D-glucose uptake by B and non-B islet cells as a determinant of rapid changes in redox state. They also provide further support for the role of intracellular Ca(2+) regulating the activity of key Ca(2+)-responsive mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Last, they reinforce the view that the effects of hexose pentaacetates upon insulin and glucagon release entail a dual modality, linked either to the catabolism of their hexose moiety or to a direct effect of the esters themselves upon a stereospecific receptor system.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.1219 | DOI Listing |
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