Carboxymethyl benzylamide sulfonate dextrans (CMDBS), a family of biospecific polymers endowed with numerous biological properties: a review.

The functionalized dextrans termed carboxymethyl benzylamide sulfonate dextran (CMDBS) represent a family encompassing a wide range of polymers. These soluble macromolecular compounds, which are substituted with specific chemical functional groups, are designed to interact with living systems. By analogy with glycosaminoglycan heparin, a natural highly charged anionic polysaccharide that exerts a variety of biological effects, we postulated that CMDBS compounds also possess binding sites capable of specific interactions with biological constituents, depending on the overall composition of the polymer. The synthesis and heparin-like properties of these CMDBS have been extensively investigated. Thus, it appears that dextran derivatives can mimic the action of heparin in regard to its interactions with antithrombin and serine proteases involved in blood coagulation. Other derivatives interact with various components of the immune system or with adhesive proteins such as fibronectin in modulating the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus. Because they are able to stimulate wound healing in various in vivo models, these polysaccharides may also constitute a family of tissue repair agents because of their protecting and potentiating effects with heparin binding growth factors. Moreover, dextran derivatives in contact with cells such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or tumoral cells can affect both cell proliferation and metabolism. It appears that these bioactive polymers are also efficient tools to investigate the precise mechanism of action of individual biological activities by contrasting their mode of action to that of heparin. In addition to their numerous biological properties and biospecificity, functionalized dextrans are relatively simple to manufacture and exempt of donor contaminant, which make them attractive in a variety of clinical applications.