Battery-powered miniature implant for electrical nerve stimulation.

The range of application of implantable stimulators in functional electrical stimulation (FES) for therapeutic purposes and for the restoration of lost or damaged functions has steadily grown within the last 20 years. Each time a clinically used method is improved, a new field of FES application explored or basic research conducted, animal experiments are needed to check and evaluate the findings and results. It is precisely for this use that the stimulation system described in this paper was developed. The battery-powered single-channel stimulator can be used for the excitation of motor and sensory nerves with monophasic or biphasic impulses. All parameters and functions are programmable via the bidirectional telemetry circuit. Implant programming is achieved by a laptop computer, supported by a graphical user interface, instead of by a specially designed programmer. The maximum settings of the stimulation parameters are: frequency 100 Hz, monophasic pulse duration 0.8 ms, biphasic pulse duration 1.6 ms, stimulation current 3 mA. The implant volume was reduced to 2 cm3 (length 23 mm, width 13 mm, height 7.5 mm), lowering the weight to 3.6 g. Due to this small volume the implant can be used in small animals. The power supply via battery obviates the need for transcutaneous tunneling or permanent external high-frequency senders and facilitates the keeping of the animals.