Single- and concurrent-operants procedures were used to evaluate the effects of two reinforcement conditions on the free-operant responding of 3 individuals with developmental disabilities and 1 with attention deficit disorder. In the presession choice condition, prior to each session the participant chose one item from an array of three different highly preferred stimuli. This item was delivered by the experimenter on each reinforcer delivery during that session. In the within-session choice condition, each reinforcer delivery consisted of placing an array of three different highly preferred stimuli in front of the participant, who was allowed to select one. Only one of the two reinforcement conditions was in effect for any particular session in single-operant phases. Buttons associated with each reinforcement condition were present, and the participant could allocate responses to one or the other in concurrent-operants phases. Data showed substantially more responding to the button associated with within-session choice than presession choice during concurrent-operants phases. This effect was not as apparent during single-operant phases, suggesting that a concurrent-operants procedure provided the more sensitive evaluation of within-session and presession reinforcer choice effects.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1284175 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1999.32-161 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Wastewater Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Veneto Region, Italy: Longitudinal Observational Study.
JMIR Public Health Surveill
January 2025
Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Loredan 18, Padova, Italy, 39 049 8275384.
Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic has affected populations around the world, there has been substantial interest in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a tool to monitor the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This study investigates the use of WBE to anticipate COVID-19 trends by analyzing the correlation between viral RNA concentrations in wastewater and reported COVID-19 cases in the Veneto region of Italy.
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart method in detecting changes in SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater and its potential as an early warning system for COVID-19 outbreaks.
Development and validation of a prediction model for coronary heart disease risk in depressed patients aged 20 years and older using machine learning algorithms.
Front Cardiovasc Med
January 2025
Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Background: Depression is being increasingly acknowledged as an important risk factor contributing to coronary heart disease (CHD). Currently, there is no predictive model specifically designed to evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease among individuals with depression. We aim to develop a machine learning (ML) model that will analyze risk factors and forecast the probability of coronary heart disease in individuals suffering from depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing tick attachments to humans with citizen science data: spatio-temporal mapping in Switzerland from 2015 to 2021 using spatialMaxent.
Parasit Vectors
January 2025
Faculty of Geography, Environmental Informatics, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 12, 35032, Marburg, Hessen, Germany.
Background: Ticks are the primary vectors of numerous zoonotic pathogens, transmitting more pathogens than any other blood-feeding arthropod. In the northern hemisphere, tick-borne disease cases in humans, such as Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, have risen in recent years, and are a significant burden on public healthcare systems. The spread of these diseases is further reinforced by climate change, which leads to expanding tick habitats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMFN2-mediated decrease in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes contributes to sunitinib-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension.
J Mol Cell Cardiol
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Department of Cardiology, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder & Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Harbin, China. Electronic address:
Unlabelled: Treatment of cancer patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often results in hypertension, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of mitochondrial morphology and function, particularly mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), in sunitinib-induced hypertension.
Methods: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments performed to assesse reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, systemic blood pressure, and mitochondrial function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and C57BL/6 mouse aortic endothelial cells, under vehicle or sunitinib treatment condition.
A cross-country network analysis of disease infodemics: Looking through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vaccine
January 2025
School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand; Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Infodemics surrounding pandemics and epidemics have persisted for centuries and continue to impede efforts to promote high vaccination coverage. We explored the complex interplay between COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and COVID-19-related infodemics across Germany, Ghana, India, and New Zealand using the novel network analysis. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey and recruited 1822 participants from the general populations of India (n = 411), New Zealand (n = 413), Ghana (n = 523), and Germany (n = 413) to complete COVID-19 infodemic measures and demographics questions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!