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The unboxing has already begun: One motivation construct at a time.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Psychology Department, Columbia University, New York, NY,
Murayama and Jach argue that it is not clearly specified how motivation constructs produce behavior and that this black box should be unpacked. We argue that the authors overlook important classic theory and highlight recent research programs that already started unboxing. We feel that without relying on the mechanisms that such programs uncover, the proposed computational approach will be fruitless.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMotivation needs cognition but is not just about cognition.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,
Murayama and Jach offer valuable suggestions for how to integrate computational processes into motivation theory, but these processes cannot do away with motivation altogether. Rewards are only rewarding because people want and like them - that is, because of motivation. Sexual desire is not primarily a quest for rewarding information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring novelty to unpack the black-box of motivation.
Behav Brain Sci
January 2025
Neuroelectronics Research Flanders (NERF), and Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven,
Murayama and Jach point out that we do not sufficiently understand the constructs and mental computations underlying higher-order motivated behaviors. Although this may be generally true, we would like to add and contribute to the discussion by outlining how interdisciplinary research on has advanced the study of learning and curiosity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChallenges for switching central nervous system and psychiatric medication products: A review of the literature.
J Psychopharmacol
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Background: Switching between versions of medication products happens commonly despite challenges in achieving bioequivalence and therapeutic equivalence. Central nervous system and psychiatric drugs, especially those that are technically demanding to manufacture and have complex pharmacokinetic properties, such as long-acting injectables (LAIs), pose particular challenges to bioequivalence and safe and efficacious drug switching.
Aims: To assess whether drugs deemed "bioequivalent" are truly interchangeable in drug switching.
Investigating the Association Between Heavy Metals and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: An Exploratory Study.
J Atten Disord
January 2025
Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Exposure to heavy metals has been associated with affecting children's neurodevelopment, particularly increasing the risk of developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current exploratory study aims to investigate potential associations between presence of 15 different heavy metals in urine and ADHD. A total of 190 urine samples of participants from clinical and non-clinical population (non-ADHD = 66; ADHD = 124) aged between 6 and 15 years from Barcelona and Tarragona (Spain) were analysed.
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