Desflurane and sevoflurane. New volatile anesthetic agents.

Desflurane and sevoflurane, recently licensed for use in humans, have kinetics that result in rapid induction and easy maintenance of a stable level of anesthesia. Recovery is also rapid. Cardiopulmonary effects are similar to those of isoflurane. In humans, desflurane can cause airway irritation and sympathetic stimulation, but these side effects have not caused problems in animal trials. Metabolites of sevoflurane and breakdown products from its reaction with carbon dioxide absorbents theoretically could result in hepatic and renal damage, but such toxicity has not occurred despite extensive medical use. Clinical trials in animals are now in progress.