Control, the final function of the four-step management approach discussed in this series of columns, is aimed at establishing standards of performance, measuring current performance under those standards, and taking action needed to ensure that organizational objectives are met. It follows planning, organizing, and directing. Often a manager plans wisely, organizes key department processes efficiently, and directs employee activities effectively--but neglects to set standards and controls for successfully completing the department's plans. Setting standards, measuring employee performance, and implementing corrective action are the key processes of controlling.
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Egypt J Immunol
January 2025
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is presented with many clinical symptoms. The transcription factor fork head box protein 3 (Foxp3) is expressed on regulatory T (T-reg) cells and essential for its development and function. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Foxp3-3279 (rs3761548 C/A) gene influence SLE pathogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEgypt J Immunol
January 2025
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system, characterized by progressive demyelination and inflammation. MS is characterized by immune system attacks on the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers. Genome-wide association studies revealed a polymorphism in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) gene that increases risk for MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Perianesth Nurs
January 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Al Mouwasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to measure the effectiveness of penehyclidine hydrochloride hydrate (PHC)-an antimuscarinic drug-in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for different surgeries.
Design: Meta-analysis.
Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted an online literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases.
Introduction: Identifying factors that enhance the stages of behavior change and nurses' readiness to evacuate patients during disasters can facilitate the proper management of the patient evacuation process in emergencies. This study aimed to identify the factors related to the stages of behavior change and nurses' readiness to evacuate patients during disasters.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted as a directed content analysis using the Hsieh and Shannon method and the MAXQDA 2020 software.
Turk J Haematol
January 2025
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Department of Hematology, Tianjin, P. R. China.
Objective: Immune-related pancytopenia (IRP) is characterized by autoantibody-mediated destruction or suppression of bone marrow cells, leading to pancytopenia. This study aimed to explore the role of TRAPPC4 (trafficking protein particle complex subunit 4) as a key autoantigen in IRP, including epitope identification and immune activation mechanisms.
Methods: A total of 90 participants were included in the study, divided into four groups: 30 newly diagnosed IRP patients, 25 IRP remission patients, 20 patients with control hematologic conditions (severe aplastic anemia [SAA] and myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS]), and 15 healthy controls.
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