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PLoS One
January 2025
School of Economics & Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.
Analyzing the interactions between spot and time charter freight is crucial for the maritime industry. While numerous studies have explored the relationship between average freight indices and spillover effects, a gap remains in understanding the deeper connections between inter-regional shipping routes and chartering contracts. This research investigates the role of Capesize freight dynamics in shaping the regional dry bulk freight market, with a focus on the influence of energy and commodity price fluctuations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
January 2025
PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Glaciers serve as natural archives for reconstructing past changes of atmospheric aerosol concentration and composition. While most ice-core studies have focused on inorganic species, organic compounds, which can constitute up to 90% of the submicrometer aerosol mass, have been largely overlooked. To our knowledge, this study presents the first nontarget screening record of secondary organic aerosol species preserved in a Belukha ice core (Siberia, Russian Federation), ranging from the pre-industrial to the industrial period (1800-1980 CE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases in rice, resulting in major economic losses worldwide. Genetic and genomic studies have identified key genes and proteins, such as AvrPik variants and MAX proteins, that are crucial for the pathogen's virulence. These effector proteins interact with specific alleles of the Pik gene family on rice chromosome 11, modulating the host's immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPest Manag Sci
January 2025
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Background: The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has been widely used for pest biocontrol with conidia serving as the main active agents. Conidial yield and quality are two important characteristics in fungal conidia development, however, the regulatory mechanisms that orchestrate conidial formation and development are not well understood.
Results: In this study, we identified a ZnCys transcription factor BbCDR1 that inhibits conidial production while promoting conidial maturation.
Health Promot J Austr
January 2025
School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Objective: To assess alignment of food and drinks served to New Zealand (NZ) children in early learning services (ELS) with the Health NZ (formerly known as Ministry of Health) Healthy Food and Drink (HFD) and Reducing Food Related Choking (choking) guidance.
Methods: Menus (271) collected remotely from 148 ELS from November 2020-March 2021 were analysed for their nutritional quality based on a 'traffic light' classification of 'green' (most nutritious), 'amber' (moderately nutritious) and 'red' (least nutritious) based on the guidance.
Results: Overall, 2.
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