[Attenuation of reperfusion phenomenon by reperfusion using leukocyte-depleted blood during direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction].

Leukocytes are important in the occurrence of reperfusion injury in coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study compared reperfusion injury caused by reperfusion using leukocyte-depleted blood (LD) and that by conventional angioplasty (control) through the reperfusion phenomenon including reperfusion arrhythmia and additional ST elevation during direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 41 patients with 21 left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesions and 20 right coronary artery (RCA) lesions. LD was prepared from 20 ml of venous blood, 20 ml of mixed blood and 60 ml of arterial blood from the patients (LD group; LAD-LD: n = 10, RCA-LD: n = 10) which was passed through a leukocyte removal filter. The blood was injected from the tip of the balloon catheter at 10 ml/min during inflation for 10 min before balloon deflation. The control group (LAD-control: n = 11, RCA-control: n = 10) underwent conventional angioplasty. The appearance of reperfusion arrhythmia [atrioventricular block (AVB) > II, accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR), ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (Vf)] and measurements of STmax deviation before and after reperfusion, the differences of the STmax deviation (delta ST) and additional ST elevation (LAD: > or = 0.5 mV increase of sigma ST in lead V1-V6, RCA: > or = 0.3 mV increase of sigma ST in lead II, III and aVF) were studied. The appearance of reperfusion arrhythmias was as follows; LAD-LD: AVB 0, AIVR 1, VT 1, Vf 0, LAD-control: AVB 0, AIVR 4, VT 2, Vf 1, NS, and RCA-LD: AVB 0, AIVR 0, VT 0, Vf 0, RCA-control: AVB 2, AIVR 0, VT 1, Vf 0, NS. There was no reperfusion arrhythmia in the RCA-LD group. There was no significant difference in the appearance of reperfusion arrhythmias between the LAD-LD and LAD-control or RCA-LD and RCA-control groups. Before reperfusion the STmax deviation (mV) was LAD-LD 0.86 +/- 0.46 vs LAD-control 0.74 +/- 0.49 and RCA-LD 0.29 +/- 0.18 vs RCA-control 0.15 +/- 0.09 and after reperfusion LAD-LD 0.63 +/- 0.35 vs LAD-control 0.81 +/- 0.49 and RCA-LD 0.13 +/- 0.15 vs RCA-control 0.20 +/- 0.12, respectively. There were no significant differences between LAD-LD and LAD-control or RCA-LD and RCA-control groups. delta ST (mV) was LAD-LD 0.23 +/- 0.56 vs LAD-control 0.07 +/- 0.60, p = 0.09 and RCA-LD 0.16 +/- 0.12 vs RCA-control 0.06 +/- 0.14, p = 0.002, respectively. The number of patients with additional ST elevation soon after reperfusion was LAD-LD 3 vs LAD-control 10, p < 0.05 and RCA-LD 0 vs RCA-control 8, p < 0.001, respectively.