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Decoding the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome.
BMC Microbiol
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
Metataxonomic studies have underpinned a vast understanding of microbial communities residing within livestock gastrointestinal tracts, albeit studies have often not been combined to provide a global census. Consequently, in this study we characterised the overall and common 'core' chicken microbiota associated with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), whilst assessing the effects of GIT site, bird breed, age and geographical location on the GIT resident microbes using metataxonomic data compiled from studies completed across the world. Specifically, bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences from GIT samples associated with various breeds, differing in age, GIT sites (caecum, faeces, ileum and jejunum) and geographical location were obtained from the Sequence Read Archive and analysed using the MGnify pipeline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhenotypic Differentiation Within the ' Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene Family Suggests a Novel Subtype IV of Contemporary Clinical Relevance.
Antibiotics (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
Background: Whole genome sequencing of clinical bacterial isolates holds promise in predicting their susceptibility to antibiotic therapy, based on a detailed understanding of the phenotypic manifestation of genotypic variation. The ' aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene family is the most abundant aminoglycoside resistance determinant encountered in clinical practice. A variety of AAC(6') isozymes have been described, suggesting a phenotypic distinction between subtype I, conferring resistance to amikacin (AMK), and subtype II, conferring resistance to gentamicin (GEN) instead.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrobial Resistance Levels of Non-Tuberculous Bacteria Isolates from Sputum of TB Patients in Ghana.
Infect Drug Resist
December 2024
Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Background: Patients with tuberculosis (TB) often harbor diverse bacteria in their sputum, including both commensal and opportunistic pathogens. This study aimed to characterize the sputum microbiota of TB patients before and after the intensive phase of anti-TB treatment and assess changes in bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles.
Methods: A total of 162 patients with TB (128 males, 34 females; age range 18-82 years) provided sputum samples at baseline, of which 72 provided follow-up sputum after two months of intensive phase treatment.
Large-scale investigation for antimicrobial activity reveals novel defensive species across the healthy skin microbiome.
bioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The human skin microbiome acts as a protective barrier against pathogens by producing antimicrobial substances, making it a valuable resource for discovering new natural products.
- Researchers introduced the EPithelial Isolate Collection (EPIC), which comprises 980 diverse bacterial strains from human skin across eight body sites, including many rare strains with unique biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs).
- Through extensive testing, they found that this microbiome exhibits strong antifungal properties, with certain body sites showing higher potential for discovering new bioactive compounds, leading to advancements in antimicrobial drug development and microbiome research.
From the ports to the hinterland. Plague, bacteriology, and politics in Argentina (1899-1940).
Hist Philos Life Sci
November 2024
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-Argentina)/CCTS-UMAI-UNLa, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Article Synopsis
- In 1899, Paraguay and Buenos Aires experienced the onset of the third plague pandemic, which gradually advanced into the Argentinian interior over the early 20th century.
- Argentine bacteriologists emerged as key figures in recognizing and managing the plague, impacting both scientific development and public health strategies in Argentina and South America.
- The study delineates two phases of plague as a scientific and political issue: initially focused on urban port areas and later revealing its rural aspects, demonstrating Argentina's role in the global discourse on bacteriology.
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