Asthma is a disease with an increasingly high incidence in the UK, tragically accounting for almost 2000 UK deaths per year (Jones and Morris, 1997). Acute severe asthma is potentially life-threatening, necessitating immediate assessment and management. This article covers the main types of asthma, the pathophysiology of asthma, and the principles and rationale for the immediate management of adults admitted to the accident and emergency department suffering from an acute severe asthma attack. The authors have used the British Thoracic Society (BTS, 1997) guidelines on the management of asthma as the basis for their advice.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1999.8.2.6708 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
RWJ Barnabas Health, West Orange, NJ, USA.
Background: Effect and Safety of Electroconvulsive Therapy plus Usual Care for the Acute Management of Severe Agitation in Dementia (ECT-AD) is a multi-site NIA-funded FDA-regulated pioneering clinical trial to investigate the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating severe and treatment-refractory agitation and aggression among individuals with advanced dementia, a condition that has a profound negative impact on patient quality of life and caregiver burden. Here we present baseline demographics of the patient population in this ongoing trial.
Method: To date we have enrolled 18 participants, with a mean age of 74.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
BioXcel Therapeutics, New Haven, CT, USA.
Background: BXCL501, a sublingual film formulation of dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist, is currently being studied for the acute treatment of agitation associated with dementia.
Method: This was a Phase 1b/2 study assessing efficacy and tolerability of BXCL501 for treatment of acute agitation associated with dementia. Subjects were randomized to active treatment with BXCL501 (30, 40, or 60µg) or placebo.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Background: Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most common cause of dementia, is characterized by cognitive decline due to reduced cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier disruption. Current evidence demonstrates that not only are VaD patients at higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness and mortality, but also that pre-existing cognitive dysfunction/dementia is associated with increased COVID-19 incidence. Conversely, SARS-CoV-2 infection alone worsens dementia-related mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and increases risk of cognitive decline, supported by similar fMRI findings demonstrating hypoperfusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Nurs Res
January 2025
Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is a major regulator of adaptive response to hypoxia, common in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, HIF-1 alpha regulates the expression of the most important proteins necessary for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of cells. The study included 129 hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hospitalized older adults, especially those with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (PwD), are at high risk for delirium and distressing behaviors. Using physical restraints leads to functional decline and increased mortality. Our project aims to reduce restraint use by implementing a 4Ms approach for enhanced delirium management.
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