Purpose: This article reviews recent research on the esthetics of the smile, covering the attractiveness of the smile, the effect of aging on the smile, oral condition and the smile, personality and smile, and smile exercises.
Material And Methods: The subjects were Koreans with normal occlusion. Photographs of a full smile were taken and the esthetic quality of the subjects' smiles was estimated. Smile scores were correlated with oral condition, personality, the practice of smile exercises, and elements of the smile, such as the position of the lip in a smile. The personality of the subjects was assessed by means of a Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Gibson's smile exercises were used to investigate the effect of smile exercise.
Results: In an attractive smile, the full shape of the maxillary anterior teeth was shown between the upper and lower lip, the upper lip curved upward or was straight, the maxillary anterior incisal curve was parallel to the lower lip, and teeth were displayed to the first molar. The amount of maxillary incisal exposure gradually decreased with age, accompanied by a gradual increase in mandibular incisal exposure. Personality traits such as warmth, calmness, extroversion, and low anxiety were closely related to an attractive smile. Smile exercises were an effective means of improving the esthetic level of the smile if patients exercised continuously.
Conclusion: An attractive smile is important for esthetic treatment. The lip position, oral condition, personality traits, and smile exercise affect the esthetics of the smile.
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Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med
January 2025
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Dept. of Space and Climate Physics, MSSL/UCL, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT UK.
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Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND.
Vertical maxillary excess presents a complex challenge in orthodontic treatment, necessitating effective anchorage systems for optimal correction. This research is useful to assess the skeletal anchorage system's (SAS) effectiveness in correcting the vertical maxillary excess among adult patients presenting with gummy smiles. This study includes case reports with English full text and examines the global general adult (18+) human population with vertical maxillary excess (VME).
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Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Institute of Applied Psychology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Int Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Newark, NJ, USA.
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