The alpha-2 agonists have been used in veterinary practice for over 30 years following the introduction of xylazine (ROMPUN, Bayer Corp., Shawnee Mission, KS) in 1962. The decision to use alpha-2 agonists in anesthesia practice should be based on factors including patient disposition, presenting complaint, type of procedure, and the veterinarian's familiarity with the drug. Controversy surrounds the issue of using anticholinergic agents concurrent with the alpha-2 agonists. Patient selection and procedure type can aid in determining when use of an anticholinergic with the alpha-2 agonist is advantageous. Antagonism of alpha-2 agonists can be readily accomplished. Commonly, alpha-2 agonists are used in combination with other agents to provide neuroleptanalgesia or sedation prior to general anesthesia.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1096-2867(99)80022-x | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Efficacy and safety of guanfacine in hospitalized patients with delirium: A scoping review.
Crit Care Resusc
December 2024
Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Objective: To assess current evidence regarding guanfacine use in hospitalized patients with delirium.
Introduction: Delirium is a common and important complication of critical illness. Central alpha-2 agonists are often used for symptomatic management.
Safety and Efficacy of Opioid-sparing Anesthesia Compared With Traditional Opioid Anesthesia: A Scoping Review.
Clin J Pain
February 2025
Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Objectives: The rationale of adoption opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) is to achieve perioperative analgesia with a minimal amount of opioids combined with nonopioid adjuvants during and after surgery, namely multimodal anesthesia. The OSA approach was originally developed to overcome the known complications of opioid-based anesthesia (OA), and the present scoping review (ScR) aims at providing clinical evidence of the safety and efficacy of OSA with respect to OA.
Methods: This ScR is mainly focused on studies presenting evidence on the safety and efficacy of OSA versus OA.
Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms.
BMC Med
January 2025
Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
Background: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has surged, with an estimated 1 in 36 eight-year-olds in the United States meeting criteria for ASD in 2020. Autistic individuals face elevated rates of co-occurring medical, psychiatric, and behavioral conditions compared to non-autistic individuals. The rising ASD-patient demand is increasingly outpacing the capacity of ASD-specialty clinics, resulting in urgent need for autism-competent providers in general practice settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDexmedetomidine Improves Learning Functions in Male Rats Modeling Cognitive Impairment by Modulating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB Signaling Pathway.
Life (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Health, Derince Education and Research Hospital, 41100 Kocaeli, Türkiye.
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative and anxiolytic properties. Increasing evidence reports that DEX has a neuroprotective effect. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of DEX on learning and memory functions in rats with experimental cognitive impairment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnesthetic- and Analgesic-Related Drugs Modulating Both Voltage-Gated Na and TRP Channels.
Biomolecules
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
Nociceptive information is transmitted by action potentials (APs) through primary afferent neurons from the periphery to the central nervous system. Voltage-gated Na channels are involved in this AP production, while transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are non-selective cation channels, are involved in receiving and transmitting nociceptive stimuli in the peripheral and central terminals of the primary afferent neurons. Peripheral terminal TRP vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), ankylin-1 (TRPA1) and melastatin-8 (TRPM8) activation produces APs, while central terminal TRP activation enhances the spontaneous release of L-glutamate from the terminal to spinal cord and brain stem lamina II neurons that play a pivotal role in modulating nociceptive transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!