This report provides results from a controlled, double blind, randomized, prophylactic leprosy vaccine trial conducted in South India. Four vaccines, viz BCG, BCG+ killed M. leprae, M.w and ICRC were studied in this trial in comparison with normal saline placebo. From about 3,00,000 people, 2,16,000 were found eligible for vaccination and among them, 1,71,400 volunteered to participate in the study. Intake for the study was completed in two and a half years from January 1991. There was no instance of serious toxicity or side effects subsequent to vaccination for which premature decoding was required. All the vaccine candidates were safe for human use. Decoding was done after the completion of the second resurvey in December 1998. Results for vaccine efficacy are based on examination of more than 70% of the original "vaccinated" cohort population, in both the first and the second resurveys. It was possible to assess the overall protective efficacy of the candidate vaccines against leprosy as such. Observed incidence rates were not sufficiently high to ascertain the protective efficacy of the candidate vaccines against progressive and serious forms of leprosy. BCG+ killed M. leprae provided 64% protection (CI 50.4-73.9), ICRC provided 65.5% protection (CI 48.0-77.0), M.w gave 25.7% protection (CI 1.9-43.8) and BCG gave 34.1% protection (CI 13.5-49.8). Protection observed with the ICRC vaccine and the combination vaccine (BCG+ killed M. leprae) meets the requirement of public health utility and these vaccines deserve further consideration for their ultimate applicability in leprosy prevention.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|
Nat Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Improved vaccination strategies for tuberculosis are needed. Intravenous (i.v.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Microbiol
December 2024
Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Immunology Regulation, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091 China.
The increasing challenge of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) calls for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies, highlighting the potential of adjunctive immunotherapies that are both cost-effective and safe. Host-directed therapy (HDT) using immunomodulators shows promise in enhancing treatment efficacy by modulating immune responses, thereby shortening the duration of therapy and reducing drug resistance risks. This study investigated the immunomodulatory potential of combining Heat-killed Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (hBCG) with a Squalene-based oil-in-Water Emulsion (SWE) adjuvant against TB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
November 2024
Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
Introduction: Nadofaragene firadenovec (Ad-IFNα/Syn3) is now approved for BCG-unresponsive bladder cancer (BLCA). IFNα is a pleiotropic cytokine that causes direct tumor cell killing via TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, angiogenesis inhibition, and activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. We established an immunocompetent murine BLCA model to study the effects of murine adenoviral IFNα (muAd-Ifnα) gene therapy on cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment using a novel murine equivalent of Nadofaragene firadenovec (muAd-Ifnα).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood
January 2025
Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Zurich, Switzerland.
Vaccine
October 2024
Vaccine Research Laboratory, University of British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Electronic address:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases, killing approximately 1.3 million people worldwide in 2022 alone. The current vaccine for TB contains a live attenuated bacterium, Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!