The purpose of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of an enforcement program in reducing cigarette sales to older minors in a community that had been successful in reducing illegal sales of cigarettes to younger minors. Cigarette sales rates were monitored over a 3-year period with quarterly compliance testing in Woodridge, Illinois. Sales rates for older minors were found to be only slightly higher than those of younger minors with one exception. These findings suggest that the enforcement of cigarette control laws is an effective means by which access to cigarettes can be reduced for both younger and older minors.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016327879601900101 | DOI Listing |
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE21428, Malmö, Sweden.
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was one of the most common causes of death in the European Union in 2017. Severity and mortality of CAP increase with age and an aging European population will require increased planning for prevention, control, and management of CAP. The purpose of this study was to provide an updated population-based estimate of the incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization in Northern Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Med
January 2025
Population Health Science & Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Purpose: Despite rigorous evidence of improved quality of life and longer survival, disparities in the utilization of palliative and hospice care persist for racial and ethnic minority patients with cancer. This study evaluated the impact of psychosocial factors on utilization of these services.
Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer were recruited at a large academic urban hospital.
Pharmacoeconomics
January 2025
Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Building: 12.49, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Background And Objective: In Germany, all new drugs undergo an early benefit assessment (EBA) by the decision-making body (G-BA). Due to limited access to clinical data in pediatric healthcare since 2017, evidence transfer has allowed for data from adult studies to be used in the EBA of pediatric drugs. This study examines the acceptance of evidence transfer, aiming to understand its correlation with granted added benefit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAliment Pharmacol Ther
January 2025
Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Introduction: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) disproportionately impacts men, racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals of low socioeconomic status; however, it's unclear how recent increases in ALD burden have impacted these disparities. We aimed to describe trends in racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in alcohol-associated hospital encounters.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult hospital encounters with alcohol-associated diagnoses from three health systems between January 2016 and December 2021.
Heart
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
Background: The upper reference limit of normal (ULN) of cardiac troponin (cTn) for older adults can be higher than for young adults, while the same ULN is used for both older and young adults in the current clinical practice.
Methods: In this multicentre longitudinal cohort study, non-acute myocardial infarction (non-AMI) inpatients with at least two cTn concentrations hospitalised between 2013 and 2022 in the Tianjin Health and Medical Data Platform were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and landmark regression models were used to estimate the risk of in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality in different cTn groups (normal, stable minor elevation (1-2×ULN with variation ≤20%), acute minor elevation (1-2×ULN with variation >20%) and apparent elevation (>2×ULN)).
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