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Self-organization in computation and chemistry: Return to AlChemy.
Chaos
September 2024
Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA.
How do complex adaptive systems, such as life, emerge from simple constituent parts? In the 1990s, Walter Fontana and Leo Buss proposed a novel modeling approach to this question, based on a formal model of computation known as the λ calculus. The model demonstrated how simple rules, embedded in a combinatorially large space of possibilities, could yield complex, dynamically stable organizations, reminiscent of biochemical reaction networks. Here, we revisit this classic model, called AlChemy, which has been understudied over the past 30 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke: hemorrhagic subtypes and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
J Neurointerv Surg
July 2024
Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
Background: Few clinical studies perform detailed analyses of subtypes of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) used to treat acute ischemic stroke. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a formidable complication of MT and is widely used in clinical trials as a safety outcome. However, variable definitions of sICH are used across clinical studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsotope shifts in electron affinities and in binding energies of Pb and hyperfine structure of 207Pb.
J Chem Phys
June 2024
Shanghai EBIT Lab, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application, Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
The isotope shifts in electron affinities of Pb were measured by Walter et al. [Phys. Rev.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentifying personal characteristics associated with teachers' stress is a longstanding research goal with important implications for practice. The present work revisits the effects of individual characteristics in terms of neuroticism, classroom management self-efficacy, and cognitive (reasoning) abilities on stress using virtual reality (VR). Relying on a sample of 56 German pre-service teachers (M = 22.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland Equation at the Nanoscale Revisited.
Small
February 2024
Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstr. 9a, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
The Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland (SES) equation is at the foundation of statistical physics, relating a particle's diffusion coefficient and size with the fluid viscosity, temperature, and the boundary condition for the particle-solvent interface. It is assumed that it relies on the separation of scales between the particle and the solvent, hence it is expected to break down for diffusive transport on the molecular scale. This assumption is however challenged by a number of experimental studies showing a remarkably small, if any, violation, while simulations systematically report the opposite.
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