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At least four groups of kratom consumers in the United States: latent-class analysis of motivations for kratom use.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kratom is a plant with alkaloids acting at opioid, serotonergic, adrenergic, and other receptors. Consumers report numerous use motivations. To distinguish subgroups of kratom consumers by kratom-use motivations using latent-class analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAncient genomics and the origin, dispersal, and development of domestic sheep.
Science
January 2025
Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep () are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled from across Eurasia. Genomes from Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE are genetically proximal to the domestic origins of sheep but do not fully explain the ancestry of later populations, suggesting a mosaic of wild ancestries. Genomic signatures indicate selection by ancient herders for pigmentation patterns, hornedness, and growth rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPollination ecotypes and the origin of plant species.
Proc Biol Sci
January 2025
Centre for Functional Biodiversity, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.
Ecological niche shifts are a key driver of phenotypic divergence and contribute to isolating barriers among lineages. For many groups of organisms, the history of these shifts and associated trait-environment correlations are well-documented at the macroevolutionary level. However, the processes that generate these patterns are initiated below the species level, often by the formation of ecotypes in contrasting environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFonEEGwaveLAD: A fully automated online EEG wavelet-based learning adaptive denoiser for artefacts identification and mitigation.
PLoS One
January 2025
Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Electroencephalographic signals are obtained by amplifying and recording the brain's spontaneous biological potential using electrodes positioned on the scalp. While proven to help find changes in brain activity with a high temporal resolution, such signals are contaminated by non-stationary and frequent artefacts. A plethora of noise reduction techniques have been developed, achieving remarkable performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular Dynamics Insights into Water Transport Mechanisms in Polyamide Membranes: Influence of Cross-Linking Degree.
J Phys Chem B
January 2025
Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment of MOE, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
Polyamide (PA) membranes are widely utilized in desalination and water treatment applications, yet the mechanisms underlying water transport within these amorphous polymer materials remain insufficiently understood. To gain more insight into these problems on a microscopic scale, we employ molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze the relationship between the structural properties and the water permeation behavior of PA membranes. Two distinct atomistic models of PA membranes are developed by controlling their degrees of cross-linking (DC).
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