The invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for nucleic acid amplification has had a major impact on many diverse areas of both basic and clinical research. Since its inception in 1985, reports on a wide variety of applications for PCR have received much attention in scientific and medical literature. This technology has been shown to have wide applicability to the diagnosis of human disease, including such diverse areas as infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and cancer. This article presents a broad overview of the principles of PCR including generic concerns that must be addressed when using or designing PCR-based assays. The application of PCR-based assays for the diagnosis of genetic disorders and for infectious disease testing is also discussed.
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J Reprod Immunol
January 2025
Department of Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 50001, China. Electronic address:
Clinical evidence increasingly suggests that traditional treatments for dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) have limited success. In this study, blood samples from 10 DUB patients and 10 healthy controls were collected for transcriptome sequencing. Then, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and crossed with the DUB-related module genes to obtain the target genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids
January 2025
Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
In the early stages, chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be asymptomatic, marking diagnosis difficult. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic role and potential regulatory mechanisms of nucleolar protein 14 (NOP14) -antisense RNA 1 (AS1) in patients with CKD. Herein, 68 patients with CKD, 65 patients with CKD undergoing peridialysis, and 80 healthy adults were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, Germany.
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is continuously shed by all cells in the body, but the regulation of this process and its physiological functions are still largely unknown. Previous research has demonstrated that both nuclear (cf-nDNA) and mitochondrial (cf-mtDNA) cfDNA levels increase in plasma in response to acute psychosocial and physical stress in males. This study further investigated these findings by testing 31 female participants (16 using oral hormonal contraception and 15 not using oral hormonal contraception), and the results were subsequently compared with those of 16 male participants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi
February 2025
Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
Arch Biochem Biophys
January 2025
Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150001, China; Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. Electronic address:
Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) often results in renal impairment. While the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is consistently observed, their specific impact on IRI is not yet defined. Sivelestat sodium, an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase which is crucial for NET formation, may offer a therapeutic approach to renal IRI, warranting further research.
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