CD40L expression is well recognized to be of critical importance in initiation of the immune response. Because cAMP mediates actions of bronchodilators commonly used in asthma, the effects of cAMP in regulating the immune response are of major importance. Cyclic AMP was found to either inhibit or markedly increase CD40L expression dependent upon the mechanisms of T cell activation. Cyclic AMP inhibited CD40L expression induced by TCR activation. In contrast, cAMP enhanced CD40L induced by CD2-mediated T cell activation or by calcium-dependent mechanisms. While neither CD28 costimulation nor exogenous IL-2 or IL-4 prevented cAMP inhibition in TCR activated cells, addition of calcium ionophore to TCR activation prevented any inhibitory effects and caused cAMP to increase CD40L expression. Actions of cAMP to increase CD40L expression appeared independent of PKC and were not a reflection of generalized cellular activation since neither CD25 nor CD69 expression was affected. The markedly contrasting actions of cAMP to decrease or increase CD40L expression, an important control point in the immune response, could be relevant to actions of commonly used medications including bronchodilators.
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