[Acute hantavirus infection caused by a genetically newly identified viral strain. Severe and complicated course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (nephropathia epidemica)].

History And Clinical Findings: A 49-year-old patient, a hobby hunter, fell ill acutely with joint and limb pain, abdominal pain, nausea and subfebrile temperatures. At hospitalization, the patient was in bad general condition, showing ascites and lid edema, and acute renal failure was diagnosed.

Investigations: Laboratory tests revealed marked thrombocytopenia (15,000/ml), leucocytosis, elevated levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and liver enzymes, respectively. Blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis. Chest X-ray showed an interstitial fluid accumulation, abdominal ultrasound disclosed ascites and enlarged kidneys as in acute renal failure. Immunologic tests verified the diagnosis of an acute hantavirus infection, by use of specific molecular biology techniques a previously unknown virus strain was identified.

Treatment And Course: Hantavirus infections in western Europe usually show a benign course. However, in the present case, acute progressive pulmonary failure developed despite effective dialysis so that mechanical ventilation was necessary for several weeks. Dialysis had to be carried out for 17 days. As a complication a severe ulcero-destructive tracheobronchitis developed, caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. After several weeks, both renal and pulmonary function had returned to normal.

Conclusion: Hantavirus infections may lead to severe and complicated courses also in western Europe. By use of new immunologic and molecular biology techniques a specific diagnosis is possible.