[The molecular biological mechanisms of the functioning of microbial glycopolymers and carbohydrases].

Special attention has been paid to glycopolymers which perform various functions in the microbial cell, determine its interaction with the environment, possess a broad range of biological activity (antigenicity, cytotoxicity, immunomodulating properties, participation in the bean-rhizobial symbiosis). Composition and structure of the following polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides and their components: O-polysaccharide, core oligosaccharide and lipid A from bacteria of genera Clavibacter, Ralstonia, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium, have been studied. Phenotypization of the studied strains has been carried out and chemotaxonomic criteria for creation of serological classification schemes have been proposed. Serogrouping of strains is determined by the availability and chemical nature of lateral substituents of the basic chain of O-specific polysaccharide. Interrelation between physico-chemical characteristics of the polysaccharide complex of rhizobia and formation of bean-rhizobial symbiotic structures has been shown. It is established that polysaccharides, lipo- and exopolysaccharides are efficient immunomodulators, manifest high antileucosis and antimetastasis activities. Physico-chemical properties, specificity, kinetics and action mechanism, structure of active and substrate-binding centres of bacterial and fungal enzymes: alpha-amylase, alpha-galactosidase, galactose oxidase. Data obtained permitted developing recommendations on enzymes application to some fields of the national economy.