Flatfoot may be classified as pathologic or physiologic. Pathologic flatfoot is often characterized by stiffness of the foot, causes disability, and requires treatment. Physiologic flatfoot is a normal variation; it causes no disability and tends to improve with time. Physiologic flatfoot is most common in individuals who are loose-jointed, are obese, or usually wore shoes during childhood. Treatment of children with physiologic flatfoot with orthoses or shoe modifications not only is ineffective but is uncomfortable and embarrassing for the child and is associated with lowered self-esteem in adult life.
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Orthopädische Klinik, Universität Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland.
The diagnosis of flatfoot in children is made clinically. In most cases it is an age-appropriate benign physiological variant, as long as it can be passively and actively redressed and the child does not show any neurological abnormalities, especially under the age of 6 years. Treatment is only indicated for symptomatic variants.
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Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to assess how various biomechanical modeling assumptions affect findings related to foot and ankle disorders.
- Key areas of investigation included the selection of element types for ligaments/tendons, material properties of bones/tissues, and loading conditions of the lower leg.
- The results revealed significant issues with current modeling practices, such as inappropriate element choices for ligaments leading to unrealistic forces, failure to account for differences in bone properties, and the impact of over-constraining motion on the accuracy of results.
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