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Alterations in Sub-Axonal Architecture Between Normal Aging and Parkinson's Diseased Human Brains Using Label-Free Cryogenic X-ray Nanotomography.
Front Neurosci
November 2020
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.
Gaining insight to pathologically relevant processes in continuous volumes of unstained brain tissue is important for a better understanding of neurological diseases. Many pathological processes in neurodegenerative disorders affect myelinated axons, which are a critical part of the neuronal circuitry. Cryo ptychographic X-ray computed tomography in the multi-keV energy range is an emerging technology providing phase contrast at high sensitivity, allowing label-free and non-destructive three dimensional imaging of large continuous volumes of tissue, currently spanning up to 400,000 μm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle-Shot Multi-keV X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Using an Ultrashort Laser-Wakefield Accelerator Source.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2019
The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Single-shot absorption measurements have been performed using the multi-keV x rays generated by a laser-wakefield accelerator. A 200 TW laser was used to drive a laser-wakefield accelerator in a mode which produced broadband electron beams with a maximum energy above 1 GeV and a broad divergence of ≈15 mrad FWHM. Betatron oscillations of these electrons generated 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale x-ray imaging of circuit features without wafer etching.
Phys Rev B
March 2017
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Modern integrated circuits (ICs) employ a myriad of materials organized at nanoscale dimensions, and certain critical tolerances must be met for them to function. To understand departures from intended functionality, it is essential to examine ICs as manufactured so as to adjust design rules, ideally in a non-destructive way so that imaged structures can be correlated with electrical performance. Electron microscopes can do this on thin regions, or on exposed surfaces, but the required processing alters or even destroys functionality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransition from Coherent to Stochastic electron heating in ultrashort relativistic laser interaction with structured targets.
Sci Rep
May 2017
Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory at INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy.
Relativistic laser interaction with micro- and nano-scale surface structures enhances energy transfer to solid targets and yields matter in extreme conditions. We report on the comparative study of laser-target interaction mechanisms with wire-structures of different size, revealing a transition from a coherent particle heating to a stochastic plasma heating regime which occurs when migrating from micro-scale to nano-scale wires. Experiments and kinetic simulations show that large gaps between the wires favour the generation of high-energy electrons via laser acceleration into the channels while gaps smaller than the amplitude of electron quivering in the laser field lead to less energetic electrons and multi-keV plasma generation, in agreement with previously published experiments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFree-electron X-ray laser measurements of collisional-damped plasmons in isochorically heated warm dense matter.
Phys Rev Lett
September 2015
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
We present the first highly resolved measurements of the plasmon spectrum in an ultrafast heated solid. Multi-keV x-ray photons from the Linac Coherent Light Source have been focused to one micrometer diameter focal spots producing solid density aluminum plasmas with a known electron density of n_{e}=1.8×10^{23} cm^{-3}.
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