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Self-Interacting Dark Sectors in Supernovae Can Behave as a Relativistic Fluid.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.
We revisit supernova (SN) bounds on a hidden sector consisting of millicharged particles χ and a massless dark photon. Unless the self-coupling is fine-tuned to be small, rather than exiting the SN core as a gas, the particles form a relativistic fluid and subsequent dark QED fireball, streaming out against the drag due to the interaction with matter. Novel bounds due to excessive energy deposition in the mantle of low-energy supernovae can be obtained.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSupernova Axions Convert to Gamma Rays in Magnetic Fields of Progenitor Stars.
Phys Rev Lett
November 2024
Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
It has long been established that axions could have been produced within the nascent proto-neutron star formed following the type II supernova SN1987A, escaped the star due to their weak interactions, and then converted to gamma rays in the Galactic magnetic fields; the nonobservation of a gamma-ray flash coincident with the neutrino burst leads to strong constraints on the axion-photon coupling for axion masses m_{a}≲10^{-10} eV. In this Letter, we use SN1987A to constrain higher mass axions, all the way to m_{a}∼10^{-3} eV, by accounting for axion production from the Primakoff process, nucleon bremsstrahlung, and pion conversion along with axion-photon conversion on the still-intact magnetic fields of the progenitor star. Moreover, we show that gamma-ray observations of the next Galactic supernova, leveraging the magnetic fields of the progenitor star, could detect quantum chromodynamics axions for masses above roughly 50 μeV, depending on the supernova.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPresolar Grains as Probes of Supernova Nucleosynthesis.
Space Sci Rev
November 2024
Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
We provide an overview of the isotopic signatures of presolar supernova grains, specifically focusing on Ti-containing grains with robustly inferred supernova origins and their implications for nucleosynthesis and mixing mechanisms in supernovae. Recent technique advancements have enabled the differentiation between radiogenic (from Ti decay) and nonradiogenic Ca excesses in presolar grains, made possible by enhanced spatial resolution of Ca-Ti isotope analyses with the Cameca NanoSIMS (Nano-scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer) instrument. Within the context of presolar supernova grain data, we discuss () the production of Ti in supernovae and the impact of interstellar medium heterogeneities on the galactic chemical evolution of Ca/Ca, () the nucleosynthesis processes of neutron bursts and explosive H-burning in Type II supernovae, and () challenges in identifying the progenitor supernovae for Cr-rich presolar nanospinel grains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced production of Fe in massive stars.
Nat Commun
November 2024
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
Massive stars are a major source of chemical elements in the cosmos, ejecting freshly produced nuclei through winds and core-collapse supernova explosions into the interstellar medium. Among the material ejected, long-lived radioisotopes, such as Fe (iron) and Al (aluminum), offer unique signs of active nucleosynthesis in our galaxy. There is a long-standing discrepancy between the observed Fe/Al ratio by γ-ray telescopes and predictions from supernova models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStrong Gravitational Lensing and Microlensing of Supernovae.
Space Sci Rev
February 2024
Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
Strong gravitational lensing and microlensing of supernovae (SNe) are emerging as a new probe of cosmology and astrophysics in recent years. We provide an overview of this nascent research field, starting with a summary of the first discoveries of strongly lensed SNe. We describe the use of the time delays between multiple SN images as a way to measure cosmological distances and thus constrain cosmological parameters, particularly the Hubble constant, whose value is currently under heated debates.
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