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Noble metal (Pd, Pt)-functionalized WSe monolayer for adsorbing and sensing thermal runaway gases in LIBs: a first-principles investigation.
Environ Res
January 2025
College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China; CHN Energy group Qinghai Electric Power Co., LTD, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China. Electronic address:
This research using the first-principles theory introduces Pd- and Pt-functionalized WSe monolayers as promising materials for detecting three critical gases (H, CO, and CH), to evaluate the health of Li-ion battery (LIBs). Various sites on the pristine WSe monolayer are considered for the functionalization with Pd and Pt atoms. The adsorption performances of the determined Pd- and Pt-WSe monolayers upon the three gases are analyzed by the comparative highlight of the adsorption energy, bonding behavior and electron transfer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotoelectric Feedback Mechanism for Acceleration of Runaway Electrons in Gas Discharges at High Overvoltages.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Laboratory of Plasma Physics (LPP), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.
Energy conservation dictates that an electron with elementary charge e traversing a vacuum gap formed by electrodes maintained at potential difference U volts acquires maximum energy of eU. In many experiments electrons with energies as high as 3eU have been observed. The experimental discovery of this effect was made over 50 years ago and is still a subject of significant controversy in applications related to x-ray generation from high voltage discharges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCalorimetry probe for runaway electron heat load measurement at COMPASS.
Rev Sci Instrum
November 2024
Institute of the Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 18200, Czech Republic.
Runaway electrons, accelerated in a tokamak discharge to high energies (tens of MeV), can cause serious damage to plasma facing components. Therefore, it is important to develop effective mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of tokamak damage. To study the effects of various mitigation strategies, a dedicated diagnostic, the calorimetry probe, was developed at the COMPASS tokamak.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe impact of tube voltage on the erosion of rotating x-ray anodes.
Med Phys
November 2024
Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Medical Imaging Department, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: The permitted input power density of rotating anode x-ray sources is limited by the performance of available target materials. The commonly used simplified formulas for the focal spot surface temperature ignore the tube voltage despite its variation in clinical practice. Improved modeling of electron transport and target erosion, as proposed in this work, improves the prediction of x-ray output degradation by target erosion, the absolute x-ray dose output and the quality of diagnostic imaging and orthovolt cancer therapy for a wide range of technique factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBinary Nature of Collisions Facilitates Runaway Electron Generation in Weakly Ionized Plasmas.
Phys Rev Lett
October 2024
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Dreicer generation is one of the main mechanisms of runaway electron generation in weakly ionized plasmas. It is often described as a diffusive flow from the Maxwellian core into high energies under the effect of the electric field. In this Letter we demonstrate a critical role of the binary nature of inelastic collisions in weakly ionized plasma during tokamak startup, where some electrons experience virtually no collisions during acceleration to the critical energy.
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