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DWI-Derived Sequences: Application in the Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis.
Curr Med Imaging
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
There exists a close relationship between liver fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Prolonged progression of liver fibrosis may ultimately lead to cirrhosis, thereby increasing the risk of developing HCC. Current research is exploring non-invasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaming chimeras in coupled oscillators using soft actor-critic based reinforcement learning.
Chaos
January 2025
Complex Systems Group, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
We propose a universal method based on deep reinforcement learning (specifically, soft actor-critic) to control the chimera state in the coupled oscillators. The policy for control is learned by maximizing the expectation of the cumulative reward in the reinforcement learning framework. With the aid of the local order parameter, we design a class of reward functions for controlling the chimera state, specifically confining the spatial position of coherent and incoherent domains to any desired lateral position of oscillators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerfusion Showdown: Comparison of Multiple MRI Perfusion Techniques in the Grading of Pediatric Brain Tumors.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
December 2024
From the Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA (C.Y.H.), Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA (N.S., G.A., Q.W., P.C., M.A., J.G.P., B.R.G., P.R.T., G.D.H.), Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA (E.C., P.R.T., S.A.P.), Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA (P.R.T., S.A.P.), and the Department of Radiology at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA (S.F.K.).
Background And Purpose: There are multiple MRI perfusion techniques, with limited available literature comparing these techniques in the grading of pediatric brain tumors. For efficiency and limiting scan time, ideally only one MRI perfusion technique can be used in initial imaging. We compared DSC, DCE, and IVIM along with ADC from DWI for differentiating high versus low grade pediatric brain tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochemical initiation of polariton-mediated exciton propagation.
Nanophotonics
June 2024
Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Placing a material inside an optical cavity can enhance transport of excitation energy by hybridizing excitons with confined light modes into polaritons, which have a dispersion that provides these light-matter quasi-particles with low effective masses and very high group velocities. While in experiments, polariton propagation is typically initiated with laser pulses, tuned to be resonant either with the polaritonic branches that are delocalized over many molecules, or with an uncoupled higher-energy electronic excited state that is localized on a single molecule, practical implementations of polariton-mediated exciton transport into devices would require operation under low-intensity incoherent light conditions. Here, we propose to initiate polaritonic exciton transport with a photo-acid, which upon absorption of a photon in a spectral range not strongly reflected by the cavity mirrors, undergoes ultra-fast excited-state proton transfer into a red-shifted excited-state photo-product that can couple collectively with a large number of suitable dye molecules to the modes of the cavity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness and Safety of Pharmacologic Therapies for Migraine in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis.
Ann Emerg Med
December 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
Study Objective: We performed a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis to determine which pharmacologic therapies are relatively more effective and safer for migraine in adult patients who present to the emergency department (ED).
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to February 9, 2024. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that enrolled adult participants presenting to ED with migraine and compared one pharmacologic therapy to another or placebo.
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