Background: The pathophysiology of exercise-induced asthma is not well understood. Hypertonicity of the airway lining fluid resulting from loss of water due to hyperventilation is considered to play a role, but the precise mechanism by which hypertonicity can induce bronchoconstriction is unknown. Peptides of the endothelin (ET) family have potent smooth muscle contractile properties, and have been linked to airway narrowing in stable asthma. We postulated that ET release may contribute to the acute bronchoconstrictor response induced by a hypertonic stimulus.
Methods: Seven male asthmatic subjects underwent local endobronchial challenge with hypertonic (3.6%) saline and, as a control, isotonic (0.9%) saline aerosols in separate bronchopulmonary segments. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at both sites during the phase of immediate bronchoconstriction. Concentrations of immunoreactive ET and of the mast cell products, histamine, tryptase and prostaglandin D2, in BAL fluid were measured.
Results: Concentrations of ET in BAL fluid from the hypertonic saline-challenged sites were significantly lower than those in BAL fluid from sites exposed to isotonic saline (0.19 [0.11-1.24] fmol/mL vs. 0.40 [0.20-2.36] fmol/mL, P<0.05). Concentrations of histamine, tryptase, and prostaglandin D2 did not differ significantly between the two sites.
Conclusions: These findings do not support the hypothesis that ET release within the airway lumen is involved in the bronchoconstrictor response induced by hypertonic saline.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00477.x | DOI Listing |
Diagn Pathol
December 2024
Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Hormographiella aspergillata is a rare hyaline mold causing invasive fungal infection in humans, until the frequent use of antifungal prophylaxis in immunocompromised hosts. Due to the high mortality of H. aspergillata infection, early recognition and treatment are crucial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Dis Rep
November 2024
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is an opportunistic fungal infection that typically occurs in the immunocompromised host and is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Myocardial abscess formation is seldomly described. We present a case of IA with purulent myocarditis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Internal Medicine, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, JPN.
BMC Pediatr
December 2024
Pediatrics and Neonatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Objectives: To compare the effect of lung recruitment using high frequency ventilation versus volume targeted ventilation on duration of intubation as well as its effect on lung inflammation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 40 preterm infants, 34 weeks gestational age or less, having RDS that needed intubation and mechanical ventilation within the first 72 h after their birth at the NICU of Mansoura University Children's Hospital during the period from July 2020 to July 2022. Infants included were randomly assigned into two groups, Group A who were subjected to LRM using HFOV (20 cases) and Group B who were subjected to LRM using VTV/AC (20 cases).
Cureus
November 2024
Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND.
Background And Objectives: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is the aftermath of aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions or stomach content. Mechanical ventilation and lowered immunity and consciousness facilitate the etiopathogenesis of SAP. Antibiotic prophylaxis and repeated culture and sensitivity testing dampen the drug susceptibility patterns of the pathogens.
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