Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead Dental Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
Published: March 1999
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Plasma factors appear to inhibit endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis in vivo so that flow influences microvascular form. The identity of these factors has not, however, been established. Earlier, we reported that apoptosis in isolated, serum-deprived human EC is inhibited by albumin (Alb). Here, we demonstrate likely biological relevance of this to vascular remodelling in experiments with tissue explants. Rat skin explants were incubated in medium M199 with or without serum, bovine Alb, or human Alb. EC in paraffin sections of explants were labelled by lectin histochemistry and the relative proportion of apoptotic was EC determined. Apoptosis was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labelling. Serum-free culture induced EC apoptosis (P < 0.02) and this was strongly inhibited by Alb at physiological concentrations (P < 0.01). This was not a nonspecific protein effect, as mercaptoethanol denaturation destroyed the activity and ovalbumin was not protective. Also, protection was not due to serum contaminants, as recombinant human Alb had activity identical to that of native material. The dose response was identical for all Alb preparations tested, with maximal activity at physiological concentrations. Protection was not limited to rat tissue as similar results were obtained with human gingival explants. These data support a role for Alb as a plasma antiapoptotic factor for EC in tissues.
Bacterial blight in pomegranate, caused by pv. (Xcp), is one of the most devastating diseases, leading to substantial economic losses in pomegranate production. Methods for blight management in pomegranate production are scarce and not well established.
Plant regeneration in tissue cultures is crucial for the application of biotechnological methods to plant breeding. However, the genetic basis of in vitro plant regeneration is not fully understood. For cucumber, regeneration protocols from different types of explants have been reported, but thus far, the molecular basis of regeneration from cotyledon explants has only been studied.
Background: PIEZO1 has emerged as a mechanoreceptor linked with adipogenesis, adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance. We aimed to determine the impact of obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as mechanical compression forces on the expression of PIEZO1 in visceral AT (VAT) and its relation with inflammation.
Methods: Blood and VAT samples were obtained from 100 volunteers.
Background: Hydrocephalus, an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain, is often treated via a shunt system to divert the excess CSF to a different compartment; if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications and permanent brain damage. It is estimated that one in every 500 people are born with hydrocephalus. Despite more than 60 years of concerted efforts, shunts still have the highest failure rate of any neurological device requiring follow-up shunt revision surgeries and contributing to the $2 billion cost of hydrocephalus care in the US alone.
Resident synovial macrophages (RSMs) are anti-inflammatory, self-renewing macrophages that provide physical immune sequestration of the joint space from the peripheral immune system. Increased permeability of this structure is associated with peripheral immune cells in the synovial fluid (SF). Direct measures of synovial barrier integrity are possible with tissue histology, but after barrier breakdown, if these cells perpetuate or initiate chronic inflammation in SF remains unknown.
