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The time-resolved backlight imaging of plasma is crucial for diagnosing density-dependent plasma information. It requires a high-intensity X-ray source and efficient optics. We propose a quasi-coaxial, multi-channel Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) structure that realizes high-brightness illumination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (-SNOM) under the excitation of single cycle picosecond (ps) pulse provides access to terahertz (THz) time-resolved nanoscopy. However, the development of THz nanoscopy has been greatly limited due to the inherently low efficiency of the scattered field and the convolution of the intrinsic material response with the extrinsic response of the cantilevered tip. In this work, we quantitatively study the near-field time-delayed pulse transients of resonant cantilevered tips, observing localized tip-enhanced coupling as well as delocalized collective charge oscillations propagating as resonant surface waves along cantilevered tips.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharge transfer emission between π- and 4f-orbitals in a trivalent europium complex.
Commun Chem
January 2025
Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
Photoinduced metal-to-ligand (or ligand-to-metal) charge-transfer (CT) states in metal complexes have been extensively studied toward the development of luminescent materials. However, previous studies have mainly focused on CT transitions between d- and π-orbitals. Herein, we report the demonstration of CT emission from 4f- to π-orbitals using a trivalent europium (Eu(III)) complex, supported by both experimental and theoretical analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVitamin B2 Operates by Dual Thermodynamic and Kinetic Mechanisms to Selectively Tailor Urate Crystallization.
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
Here we demonstrate how a biologically relevant molecule, riboflavin (vitamin B2), operates by a dual mode of action to effectively control crystallization of ammonium urate (NHHU), which is associated with cetacean kidney stones. In situ microfluidics and atomic force microscopy experiments confirm a strong interaction between riboflavin and NHHU crystal surfaces that substantially inhibits layer nucleation and spreading by kinetic mechanisms of step pinning and kink blocking. Riboflavin does not alter the distribution of tautomeric urate isomers, but its adsorption on NHHU crystal surfaces does interfere with the effects of minor urate tautomer by limiting its ability to induce NHHU crystal defects while also suppressing NHHU nucleation and inhibiting crystal growth by 80% at an uncharacteristically low modifier concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotochemical Evolution of Alanine in Association with the Martian Soil Analog Montmorillonite: Insights Derived from Experiments Conducted on the International Space Station.
Astrobiology
January 2025
Experimental Biophysics and Space Sciences, Department of Physics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
The (PSS) experiment was part of the European Space Agency's mission and was conducted on the International Space Station from 2014 to 2016. The PSS experiment investigated the properties of montmorillonite clay as a protective shield against degradation of organic compounds that were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in space. Additionally, we examined the potential for montmorillonite to catalyze UV-induced breakdown of the amino acid alanine and its potential to trap the resulting photochemical byproducts within its interlayers.
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