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Vector modes are well-defined field distributions with spatially varying polarization states, rendering them irreducible to the product of a single spatial mode and a single polarization state. Traditionally, the spatial degree of freedom of vector modes is constructed using two orthogonal modes from the same family. Here, we introduce a novel class of vector modes whose spatial degree of freedom is encoded by combining modes from both the Hermite- and Laguerre-Gaussian families, ensuring that the modes are shape-invariant upon propagation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObservation of non-Hermitian boundary induced hybrid skin-topological effect excited by synthetic complex frequencies.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
The hybrid skin-topological effect (HSTE) has recently been proposed as a mechanism where topological edge states collapse into corner states under the influence of the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). However, directly observing this effect is challenging due to the complex frequencies of eigenmodes. In this study, we experimentally observe HSTE corner states using synthetic complex frequency excitations in a transmission line network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo explore the distribution of characteristic frequencies and the propagation properties of eigenmodes in topological networks at the zero-energy level, we design optical waveguide networks with two typical topologies: Möbius network and Klein network, inspired by the Möbius strip and Klein bottle, respectively. We investigate the degeneracy at characteristic frequencies and the propagation properties of the eigenmodes of these networks, both theoretically and experimentally. We discovered an intriguing eigenpropagation in the Möbius network and multiple degenerate eigenmodes in the Klein network, analyzing the propagation characteristics and distribution patterns of electromagnetic waves within them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe utilize a theoretical method based on nonlinear beam propagation and finite difference eigenmode solver methods to precisely simulate Gaussian beam propagation in electrical fields through spherical gradient refractive index lenses. The theoretical computation uses second-order partial differentiation of propagation coordinates to generate microwave field propagation. Consequently, it offers accurate simulation results for any complex refractive index profile.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- A new type of fiber, called chirally-coupled-ring fiber (CCRF), is designed to efficiently generate and detect various orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes using a unique structure with inner and outer cores and twisted dielectric rods.
- The study involves theoretical modeling to explain how CCRFs can produce spin-entangled OAM eigenmodes, showcasing the advantages in power transfer and mode coupling through simulation and experiments.
- CCRFs demonstrate high conversion efficiencies and mode purities across a range of OAM topological charges, providing a flexible solution for OAM mode manipulation and promising applications in fiber-based multiplexing communications.
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