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Unified description of thermal and nonthermal laser-induced ultrafast structural changes in materials.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany.
The ultrafast ionic dynamics in solids induced by intense femtosecond laser excitation are controlled by two fundamentally different yet interrelated phenomena. First, the substantial generation of hot electron-hole pairs by the laser pulse modifies the interatomic bonding strength and characteristics, inducing nonthermal ionic motion. Second, incoherent electron-ion collisions facilitate thermal equilibration between electrons and ions, achieving a uniform temperature on a picosecond timescale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonoexponential, biexponential, stretched exponential and diffusion kurtosis models of diffusion-weighted imaging: a quantitative differentiation of solitary pulmonary lesion.
BMC Med Imaging
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can be used for quantitative tumor assessment. DWI with different models may show different aspects of tissue characteristics.
Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of parameters derived from monoexponential, biexponential, stretched exponential magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating benign from malignant solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs).
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparison of the turbo spin-echo and echo-planar imaging techniques.
Quant Imaging Med Surg
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Article Synopsis
- This study compares turbo spin echo with intravoxel incoherent motion (TSE-IVIM) to traditional echo-planar imaging (EPI-IVIM) in detecting nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), aiming to identify optimal imaging strategies.
- TSE-IVIM showed superior qualitative assessments, such as reduced susceptibility artifacts and better image quality in depicting anatomical structures related to NPC compared to EPI-IVIM.
- Both subjective and quantitative measures highlighted TSE-IVIM's advantages, suggesting it could improve pre-treatment staging MR examinations for NPC patients.
Synchronization transitions in adaptive simplicial complexes with cooperative and competitive dynamics.
Chaos
December 2024
Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
Adaptive network is a powerful presentation to describe different real-world phenomena. However, current models often neglect higher-order interactions (beyond pairwise interactions) and diverse adaptation types (cooperative and competitive) commonly observed in systems such as the human brain and social networks. This work addresses this gap by incorporating these factors into a model that explores their impact on collective properties such as synchronization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid and high-precision cavity-enhanced spectroscopic measurement of HONO and NO: Application to emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles in chassis dynamometer tests and in mobile monitoring.
Talanta
December 2024
School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China. Electronic address:
Nitrous acid (HONO) is crucial in atmospheric chemistry as it is a major precursor for hydroxyl radicals (OH), the dominant atmospheric oxidant. Hydroxyl radicals are essential in the formation of secondary air pollutants like ozone and particulate matter. This study presents a newly developed Incoherent Broadband Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) system for precise and rapid measurements of HONO and nitrogen dioxide (NO) emissions.
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