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High resolution X-ray spectra of the time evolution of emission from metastable electronic states of highly charged Ni-like ions.
Eur Phys J D At Mol Opt Phys
June 2024
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Abstract: Metastable levels of highly charged ions that can only decay via highly forbidden transitions can have a significant effect on the properties of high temperature plasmas. For example, the highly forbidden 3d - 3d 4 s magnetic octupole (M3) transition in nickel-like ions can result in a large metastable population of its upper level which can then be ionized by electrons of energies below the ground state ionization potential. We present a method to study metastable electronic states in highly charged ions that decay by x-ray emission in electron beam ion traps (EBIT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShannon Entropy in LS-Coupled Configuration Space for Ni-like Isoelectronic Sequence.
Entropy (Basel)
February 2022
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
The Shannon entropy in an LS-coupled configuration space has been calculated through a transformation from that in a jj-coupled configuration space for a Ni-like isoelectronic sequence. The sudden change of Shannon entropy, information exchange, eigenlevel anticrossing, and strong configuration interaction have been presented for adjacent levels. It is shown that eigenlevel anticrossing is a sufficient and necessary condition for the sudden change of Shannon entropy, and both of them are a sufficient condition for information exchange, which is the same as the case of the jj-coupled configuration space.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGraphene adlayer growth between nonepitaxial graphene and the Ni(111) substrate: a theoretical study.
Phys Chem Chem Phys
January 2021
Department of Physics, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China.
Understanding the fundamentals of chemical vapor deposition bilayer graphene growth is crucial for its synthesis. By employing density functional theory calculations and classical molecular dynamics simulations, we have investigated the evolution of carbon structures and the kinetics of the adlayer graphene nucleation between the graphene top layer (GTL) and the Ni(111) substrate. Compared to the epitaxial GTL, the weaker interaction between the nonepitaxial GTL and the Ni(111) substrate makes the nucleation of the adlayer more favorable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShannon Entropy in Configuration Space for Ni-Like Isoelectronic Sequence.
Entropy (Basel)
December 2019
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Discrete Shannon entropy was introduced in view of the mathematical properties of multiconfiguration methods and then used to interpret the information in atomic states expressed by the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock wavefunction for Ni-like isoelectronic sequence. Moreover, the relationship between the concepts, including sudden change of Shannon entropy, information exchange, eigenlevel anticrossing, and strong configuration interaction, was clarified by induction on the basis of the present calculation of the energy structure for Ni-like isoelectronic sequence. It was found that there is an interesting connection between the change of Shannon entropies and eigenlevel anticrossings, along with the nuclear charge Z, which is helpful to conveniently locate the position of eigenlevel anticrossings and information exchanging and understand them from the point of view of information, besides the traditional physical concepts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfrared and visible laser spectroscopy for highly-charged Ni-like ions.
Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B
January 2017
Quantum Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, USA.
Application of visible or infrared (IR) lasers for spectroscopy of highly-charged ions (HCI) has not been particularly extensive so far due to a mismatch in typical energies. We show here that the energy difference between the two lowest levels within the first excited configuration 3 4 in Ni-like ions of heavy elements from = 60 to = 92 is within the range of visible or near-IR lasers. The wavelengths of these transitions are calculated within the relativistic model potential formalism and compared with other theoretical and limited experimental data.
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