Introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with many changes in the complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A cohort of 25 HIV patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) treated with HAART experienced a median survival of >46 weeks. This is an improvement in prognosis compared with recent historic experience and correlated with HIV RNA viral load reductions. We conclude that current HIV therapy is important in improving the outlook of PML in the setting of HIV.
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