Hepatic hemangioendothelioma: clinical experience and management strategy.

Purpose: This study sought to define management strategies based on clinical experience in treating infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with hemangioendothelioma presenting to a tertiary liver transplantation center between 1989 and 1997 was performed.

Results: Thirteen patients (median age, 14 days) with hemangioendothelioma were identified. Congestive heart failure (P<.03) and abdominal mass (P<.081) were predictive of 5-month mortality rates. Ultrasonography and computerized axial tomography were the diagnostic modalities most commonly used. Treatment strategies consisted of medical management (steroids and alpha-interferon) and interventional modalities (hepatic artery ligation or embolization, resectional surgery, or orthotopic liver transplantation). Patients who underwent resectional surgery, with or without orthotopic liver transplantation, had a lower 5-month mortality rate (P<.02) and a greater 2-year survival rate (P<.003) than did those who underwent hepatic artery ligation or embolization. Early morbidity and mortality tended to be a consequence of the primary lesion, whereas late morbidity and mortality were reflective of the treatment modality used.

Conclusions: In cases of failed medical management, resectional therapy should be used when possible. If partial hepatectomy is not technically achievable, hepatic artery embolization should be used either as definitive therapy or as a temporizing measure until orthotopic liver transplantation is possible.