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Synthetic Topological Vacua of Yang-Mills Fields in Bose-Einstein Condensates.
Phys Rev Lett
November 2022
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Article Synopsis
- Topological vacua are complex ground states in Yang-Mills fields that have zero field strength but interesting topological features, crucial for understanding particle physics and quantum field theory, yet they haven't been experimentally observed until now.
- Researchers have proposed and successfully created synthetic topological vacua using atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, illustrating that vacuums can have intricate spatial structures instead of being empty.
- The study successfully synthesizes different topological numbers, such as n=1 and n=2, revealing unique spin textures and Hopf links, paving the way for further exploration of these phenomena in future experiments.
Combined Lorentz Symmetry: Lessons from Superfluid He.
J Low Temp Phys
October 2021
Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
We consider the possibility of the scenario in which the , and Lorentz symmetry of the relativistic quantum vacuum are all the combined symmetries. These symmetries emerge as a result of the symmetry breaking of the more fundamental , and Lorentz symmetries of the original vacuum, which is invariant under separate groups of the coordinate transformations and spin rotations. The condensed matter vacua (ground states) suggest two possible scenarios of the origin of the combined Lorentz symmetry, and both are realized in the superfluid phases of liquid He: the He-A scenario and the He-B scenario.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModel of Persistent Breaking of Discrete Symmetry.
Phys Rev Lett
January 2022
The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
We show there exist UV-complete field-theoretic models in general dimension, including 2+1, with the spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry, which persists to the arbitrarily high temperatures. Our example is a conformal vector model with the O(N)×Z_{2} symmetry at zero temperature. Using conformal perturbation theory we establish Z_{2} symmetry is broken at finite temperature for N>17.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAncillary qubit spectroscopy of vacua in cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics.
Phys Rev Lett
May 2015
Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France.
We investigate theoretically how the spectroscopy of an ancillary qubit can probe cavity (circuit) QED ground states containing photons. We consider three classes of systems (Dicke, Tavis-Cummings, and Hopfield-like models), where nontrivial vacua are the result of ultrastrong coupling between N two-level systems and a single-mode bosonic field. An ancillary qubit detuned with respect to the boson frequency is shown to reveal distinct spectral signatures depending on the type of vacua.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeneral second-order scalar-tensor theory and self-tuning.
Phys Rev Lett
February 2012
LPT, CNRS UMR 8627, Université Paris Sud-11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
Starting from the most general scalar-tensor theory with second-order field equations in four dimensions, we establish the unique action that will allow for the existence of a consistent self-tuning mechanism on Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker backgrounds, and show how it can be understood as a combination of just four base Lagrangians with an intriguing geometric structure dependent on the Ricci scalar, the Einstein tensor, the double dual of the Riemann tensor, and the Gauss-Bonnet combination. Spacetime curvature can be screened from the net cosmological constant at any given moment because we allow the scalar field to break Poincaré invariance on the self-tuning vacua, thereby evading the Weinberg no-go theorem. We show how the four arbitrary functions of the scalar field combine in an elegant way opening up the possibility of obtaining nontrivial cosmological solutions.
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