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Adjusting for principal components can induce collider bias in genome-wide association studies.
PLoS Genet
December 2024
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to control for population structure in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Top principal components (PCs) typically reflect population structure, but challenges arise in deciding how many PCs are needed and ensuring that PCs do not capture other artifacts such as regions with atypical linkage disequilibrium (LD). In response to the latter, many groups suggest performing LD pruning or excluding known high LD regions prior to PCA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Causal View on Bias in Missing Data Imputation: The Impact of Evil Auxiliary Variables on Norming of Test Scores.
Multivariate Behav Res
October 2024
Research Data Center/Methods Development, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany.
Among the most important merits of modern missing data techniques such as multiple imputation (MI) and full-information maximum likelihood estimation is the possibility to include additional information about the missingness process via auxiliary variables. During the past decade, the choice of auxiliary variables has been investigated under a variety of different conditions and more recent research points to the potentially biasing effect of certain auxiliary variables, particularly colliders (Thoemmes & Rose, 2014). In this article, we further extend biasing mechanisms of certain auxiliary variables considered in previous research and thereby focus on their effects on individual diagnosis based on norming, in which the whole distribution of a variable is of interest rather than average coefficients (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA comparative study of flavour-sensitive observables in hadronic Higgs decays.
Eur Phys J C Part Fields
August 2024
Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Jet production from hadronic Higgs decays at future lepton colliders will have significantly different phenomenological implications than jet production via off-shell photon and -boson decays, owing to the fact that Higgs bosons decay to both pairs of quarks and gluons. We compute observables involving flavoured jets in hadronic Higgs decays to three partons at Born level including next-to-leading order corrections in QCD (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeasurement of the Pion Form Factor with CMD-3 Detector and Its Implication to the Hadronic Contribution to Muon (g-2).
Phys Rev Lett
June 2024
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-} has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdjusting for principal components can induce spurious associations in genome-wide association studies in admixed populations.
bioRxiv
April 2024
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.
Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to control for population structure in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Top principal components (PCs) typically reflect population structure, but challenges arise in deciding how many PCs are needed and ensuring that PCs do not capture other artifacts such as regions with atypical linkage disequilibrium (LD). In response to the latter, many groups suggest performing LD pruning or excluding known high LD regions prior to PCA.
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