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In situ spheroid formation in distant submillimetre-bright galaxies.
Nature
December 2024
European Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, Germany.
Most stars in today's Universe reside within spheroids, which are bulges of spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies. Their formation is still an unsolved problem. Infrared/submillimetre-bright galaxies at high redshifts have long been suspected to be related to spheroid formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStrong Lensing by Galaxies.
Space Sci Rev
November 2024
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Strong gravitational lensing at the galaxy scale is a valuable tool for various applications in astrophysics and cosmology. Some of the primary uses of galaxy-scale lensing are to study elliptical galaxies' mass structure and evolution, constrain the stellar initial mass function, and measure cosmological parameters. Since the discovery of the first galaxy-scale lens in the 1980s, this field has made significant advancements in data quality and modeling techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFString Invention, Viable 3-3-1 Model, Dark Matter Black Holes.
Entropy (Basel)
September 2024
Niels Bohr Institute, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
With our very limited memories, we provide a brief review of Paul Frampton's memories of the discovery of the Veneziano model, with this indeed being string theory, with Y. Nambu, and, secondly, his 3-3-1 theory. The latter is, indeed, a non-excluded replacement for the Standard Model with triangle anomalies being cancelled, as they must in a truly viable theory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDark Age Consistency in the 21 cm Global Signal.
Phys Rev Lett
September 2024
Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- The "dark age consistency ratio" is a proposed new observable for studying the 21 cm global signal during the universe's dark ages, aimed at testing models beyond the standard ΛCDM cosmological model.
- This ratio is based on the idea that the shape of the 21 cm signal's frequency response is largely unaffected by cosmological parameters in the ΛCDM framework, yielding a specific value that can help distinguish between models.
- The observable only requires brightness temperature measurements at a few frequency bands, making it feasible to evaluate cosmological theories even with limited data from upcoming lunar telescope missions.
First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the Non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE Observations.
Phys Rev Lett
September 2024
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Scientists studied the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect using data from two telescopes, the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE, covering a large area in the sky.
- They found a strong signal indicating that there is a trispectrum, which is a kind of pattern in the data, but it had contributions from other sources too, like cosmic microwave background lensing and foregrounds.
- By analyzing the data, they couldn't find just the kSZ signal alone, but they set limits on how long the reionization period lasted in the early universe, which helps us understand its history better.
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